Invention vs. Innovation

Nirvana::

"Innovation is far more about prospecting, mining, refining and adding value than it is about pure invention." --- William Buxton

There is no question in my mind that with appropriate management, we can improve the levels of innovation and creativity within organizations. There is no magic here. Innovative people are no more ‘born’ than Olympic gold medalists or virtuoso musicians. Yes, some of us are gifted with more initial aptitude, but as music and sports show, the ‘natural’ or the ‘child prodigy’ frequently does not graduate to the top level. Hard, focused and appropriately- directed work trumps natural talent in virtually every case. The question is, where to focus? Let us start by looking at the anatomy of the beast.

Too often, the obsession is with ‘inventing’ something totally unique, rather than extracting value from the creative understanding of what is already known.

For example, U.S. took a materialistic approach to their investment, focusing on products, while the Japanese focused on process. His observation was that while the U.S. invented DRAM, the VCR or the LCD, it also incurred the highest up-front costs, while the Japanese reaped the primary profit due to their superior processes of manufacturing and distribution.

Today, we have a comparable example in Apple and Dell. Apple is now below Acer in PC market share, but they have beautiful, design-intense systems. Dell’s computers, on the other hand, are boring and have virtually no technical or design innovation. But Dell’s process has given them a dominant market share. Some business publications (e.g., Fast Company, Jan. 2004) have come to the dubious conclusion that this says that innovation may not be all that it was cracked up to be. Of course, what they miss are two things: (a) the distinction between innovation in product and process, and (b) the following rule, which I have decided to decree: innovation in process + design trumps innovation in process alone. This, of course, should be obvious, but it sure went over the head of the Fast Company writers. If you want to compete with Dell, ‘all’ you have to do is match or exceed their innovation in manufacturing and service, and do so with

innovative products.

To find an example that illustrates this, we need look no farther than, yet again, Apple. Forget their PC business for the moment. In the music business, in which both Dell and Apple are competing, Apple is the hands-down winner. While Dell has relied on their previously successful formula of efficient process, but boring design,Apple has triumphed on both fronts in their iTunes and iPod product lines. Apple not only dominates the music market, their sales in that sector now exceed those of their PCs – transforming the very nature of the company, to the point where the tag-line on their new iMac computer is, “From the company that brought you the iPod.” This, despite the iPod being launched only in 2001 – 24 years after their first computer, the Apple II, in 1977!

The first confusion to dismiss is the difference between invention and innovation. The former refers to new concepts or products that derive from individual’s ideas or from scientific research. The latter, on the other hand, represents the commercialization of the invention itself.

Whereas the earlier part of the 20th.century was the century of ‘INVENTION’,the tail end of the 20th. century and the beginning of the 21st. has been dominated by ‘INNOVATION’. If ‘ NECESSITY and NEED’ were the mother of Invention, ‘ GREED and INTEREST’ are the mother of Innovation.

I am a firm believer in the free market economy, so I have no problem with the notion of simple motivating forces like greed and interest being the driving forces that compel individual agents in what is an emergent system.

As an executive, of course we have to have creative an innovative ideas. But at the top of the list should be ones that reflect (a) how important innovation is to the future of your company, (b) the role of design in this, (c) a recognition that innovation cannot be ghettoized in the research or design departments, since it is an overall

cultural issue, and (d) an awareness of the inevitable and dire consequences of ignoring the previous three points..

Competing for Analytics

Many companies in many countries have very strong reasons to pursue the strategies shaped by their analytics. Virtually all companies which are leaders in their respective arenas are aggressive analytics competitors and much of their success can be attributed to masterful exploitation of data. Rising global competition intensifies the need of this sort of proficiency. For example, western companies unable to beat the competition from their Chinese and Indian counterparts on product cost, are seeking the upper hand through optimized business process.

Companies now just embracing such strategies, however, will find that they take several years to come to fruition. For example, many companies in credit cards business find that they need several years of times before their strategy actually starts to work. They need to make process changes in virtually every aspect of their consumer business: underwriting risk, setting credit limits, servicing accounts, cross selling etc. These firms need to keep their managers in their jobs for longer periods because of time required to master quantitative approaches to their businesses.

Even if you talk about, politics, there are ample reasons to believe that success of political parties is largely dependent on the analytics of the data they gather regarding voter perception now a days. Democrats in US carried out extensive analysis of, what the US voter is mostly worried about: financial and physical health but not Iraq war!!

Bohemian companies in the investment world are purely competing on their strengths of their analytics. Today, competing on analytics is the new science of winning. More than ever before, business decisions have multimillion-dollar impact and multiyear consequences.

In case of sovereign decision making countries like India needs to learn a lot. Taking a point, recently India make FTAs with ASEAN countries but, decision was taken without much analysis of resultant profit and loss for the country. We need to fight on over core competencies not on over weaknesses. What's left as the basis for competition? Three things: efficient and effective execution, smart decision making and the ability to wring every last drop of value from business processes.

Impact of Social Cause marketing campaigns on branding

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The research shows, when forming a decision about buying a product or service from a particular company or organization, 83% of the general public feel it is ‘very’ or ‘fairly important’ that a company shows a high degree of social responsibility. Social issues, such as climate change, corruption, election, healthcare and education add to the mix of changes in the expectation of general public. Clearly marketing can ignore these changes in the business and consumer environment, but it does so at its peril.

Consumers not only vote with their feet and their purse against companies and brands they disapprove of, but evidence shows they will also actively change their behavior in favor of those companies of which they approve. In the past, positive differentiation in price, quality and functionality was what was required for success. This is no longer enough and barely noticeable in many sectors anyway. Often, depending on the sector, price, functionality and quality can be replicated – perhaps within weeks or a month, maybe a year – but they are no longer the tools that will maintain differentiation in the longer run.

Emotional engagement and values, on the other hand, are much harder to develop, much harder to replicate and, once established, much more embedded and harder to shift. Investing in values and a ‘bank of goodwill’ can therefore pay dividends. As brand management evolves, values are becoming the key differentiator. The question is does it work? Does taking such a values-led/cause-led approach deliver bottom-line benefits?

The answer is yes. Marketing related to a cause, if done sincerely and executed well, provides a win-win-win. A win for the business, a win for the cause issues or charity and a win for society. One of most successful Cause-related marketing (CRM) programs run by P&G is a partnership between Pampers and UNICEF. Here for every pack of Pampers that a consumer buys, we contribute 1 tetanus vaccine to developing countries. The collaboration has helped raise awareness for the need for tetanus vaccines in developing countries as well as reassured consumers that we have partners with the requisite expertise to execute this. Further, the UNICEF association underlines Pampers equity as a brand that cares about babies. Take the case of Tata Tea, it’s Jago Re campaign started last year with educating citizens regarding realizing their voting power. And it has started a corruption oriented campaign now a day. And Tata Tea has been benefited in the similar lines.

Cause marketing leaders recognize that business and society are linked, and therefore have a unique challenge and opportunity to make a positive impact on society, while also boosting short-term sales, long-term reputation gains and stakeholder loyalty.

Cause-related marketing is a strategy whose time has come. Links with social issues, if made sincerely and professionally, will reap rewards. Do it badly and the consequences could be disastrous, but do it well and success will follow.

STRING THEORY....

Post written by Anshul Gupta. Follow me on twitter.

String theory

In a recession demand falls short of supply, leaving a sorry trail of unemployed workers, shuttered factories and unexploited innovations. But when the recovery arrives, Friedman suggested, it is all the more forceful because these resources have been lying idle, waiting to be brought back into production. The economy can grow faster than normal for a period until it reaches the point where it would have been without the crisis, when it reaches its full potential again (see chart 1, scenario 1).

Friedman’s story is heartening, but it can come unstuck in two ways. If the shortfall in demand persists it can do lasting damage to supply, reducing the level of potential output (scenario 2) or even its rate of growth (scenario 3). If so, the economy will never recoup its losses, even after spending picks up again.

Why should a swing in spending do such lasting harm? In a recession firms shed labour and mothball capital. If workers are left on the shelf too long, their skills will atrophy and their ties to the world of work will weaken. When spending revives, the recovery will leave them behind. Output per worker may get back to normal, but the rate of employment will not.

Something similar can happen to the economy’s assembly lines, computer terminals and office blocks. If demand remains weak, firms will stop adding to this stock of capital and may scrap some of it. Capital will shrink to fit a lower level of activity. Moreover, if the financial system remains in disrepair, savings will flow haltingly to companies and the cost of capital will rise. Firms will therefore use less of it per unit of output.

The result is a lower ceiling on production. In the IMF’s latest World Economic Outlook, its researchers count the cost of 88 banking crises over the past four decades. They find that, on average, seven years after a bust an economy’s level of output was almost 10% below where it would have been without the crisis.

This is an alarming gap. If replicated in the years to come, it would blight the lives of the unemployed, diminish the fortunes of those in work and make the public debt harder to sustain. But even worse scenarios are possible. A financial breakdown could do lasting damage to the growth in potential output as well as to its level. Even when the economy begins to expand, it may not regain the same pace as before.

Financial crises can pose such a threat to national incomes because of the way they erode national wealth. From the start of 2008 to the spring of this year the crisis knocked $30 trillion off the value of global shares and $11 trillion off the value of homes, according to Goldman Sachs, an investment bank. At their worst, these losses amounted to about 75% of world GDP. But despite their enormous scale, it is not immediately obvious why these losses should cause a lasting decline in economic activity. Natural disasters also wipe out wealth by destroying buildings, possessions and infrastructure, but the economy rarely slows in their aftermath. On the contrary, output often picks up during a period of reconstruction. Why should a financial disaster be any different?

The answer lies on the other side of the balance-sheet. Before the crisis the overpriced assets held by banks and households were accompanied by vast debts. After the crisis their assets were shattered but their liabilities remained standing. As Irving Fisher, a scholar of the Depression, pointed out, “overinvestment and overspeculation…would have far less serious results were they not conducted with borrowed money.”

Japan found this out to its cost in the 1990s after the bursting of a spectacular bubble in property and stock prices. For a “lost decade” from 1992 the economy stagnated, never recovering the growth rates posted in the 1980s. Richard Koo of the Nomura Research Institute in Tokyo calls Japan’s ordeal a “balance-sheet recession”.

The typical post-war recession begins when the flow of spending in the economy puts a strain on its resources, forcing prices upwards. Central banks raise interest rates to slow spending to a more sustainable pace. Once inflation has subsided, the authorities are free to turn the taps back on.

But in a “balance-sheet recession”, what must be corrected is not a flow but a stock. After the bubble burst, Japan’s companies were left with liabilities that far exceeded their assets. Rather than file for bankruptcy, they set about paying down their stock of debt to a manageable level. This was a protracted slog which, by Mr Koo’s reckoning, did not finish until 2005. In the meantime Japan’s economy stagnated. By 2002 its output was almost 23% below its pre-crisis trajectory.

Since Pimco’s forum concluded in May, the world economy has palpably improved. In many ways the new normal is beginning to look a lot like the old, vindicating Friedman’s plucking model. China is outpacing expectations. Goldman Sachs is making hay. The premium banks must pay to borrow overnight from each other is now below 0.25%, the level Alan Greenspan, a former chairman of the Federal Reserve, once described as “normal”. Companies in Europe and America are selling bonds at a furious pace. A few months ago financial newspapers were debating the future of capitalism. Now they are merely discussing the future of capital requirements. Shock has given way to relief.

Automated TradinG -- M/Cs Playing With Ur MoneY!!!

Post written by Anshul Gupta. Follow me ontwitter.

Executive summary

The world has changed a lot in the last 10 years. Gone are the days when people used to trade on trading floors. Now it is the time of supercomputers, artificial intelligence programs that run on these machines, decision making in microseconds on millions of situations and money making without direct human interference. Big financial institutions have more people working on design of sophisticated trading algorithms than on the trading floor. This paper is intended to look into the peculiarity of automated trading and how it impacts the market. Since nothing is hidden in the market, an attempt has been made by us to understand it on the eve of a recovering global economy. The paper ends with a few suggestions to policy makers to make the practice healthier for the economy as a whole.

Automated Trading - The Concept

“Algo” trading, used often as a catchphrase for any or all of the following: black-box trading, high-frequency trading or robo trading, is the use of computer programs for entering trading orders with the computer algorithm deciding on aspects of the order such as the timing, price, or quantity of the order, or in many cases initiating the order without human intervention. There is nothing new in using all publically available information to help you trade; what’s novel is the quantity of data available, the lighting speed at which it is analyzed and the short time that positions are held.

Over the past several years Financial Institutions have devoted substantial resources towards developing and maintaining a computer platform1, which allows the Financial Institutions to engage in sophisticated, high speed, and high-volume trading on various stock and commodities markets. The trades made through the platform typically generate many millions of dollars of profits per year for the Financial Institutions.

Sometimes people have say that, how can a system that is computerized and requires no human intrusion, perform at any consistent rate? But that's exactly why it does, since it has no human emotion to contend with. The more humans get involved in trades, the more likely it is for mistakes to ensue. Now there are many traders, who are superb at intuition, and the vast majority of trades happen on "gut feel" - so there is always the sentiment of a loss of control when you let it all happen in an automated way. But you can't back-test "gut feel" and you can't establish how something might have worked in the past when it's based on intuition.

(Taken From My Article submitted to Money manager; a magazine, jointly published by IIM A, B and C)

How Easy is to fool The Market......

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Post written by Anshul Gupta. Follow me on twitter.

Take my suggestion:

Just open a bank, making sure that it has an impressive building and a fancy name.

Attract a lot of deposits, by paying good interest if that is allowed, by offering toasters or whatever if it isn't.

Then lend the money out, at high interest rates, to high rolling speculators (preferably friends of yours, or maybe even yourself behind a different corporate front).

The depositors won't ask about the quality of your investments since they know that they are protected in any case. And you now have a one-way option: if the investments do well, you become rich; if they do badly, you can simply walk away and let the government clean up the mess.i.e. if it is heads up you win and if it is tails they loose!!!!

This is what happened in US recently and in Japan in 90s.....

In all of these incidents, there has been an invisible helping hand behind, of corrupt politicians who allow these banker to go berserk and then play with depositors' money. And at the end of the day...government play with taxpayers' money...!!!

In this game they never loose any thing, because they have made profits in heydays....and made us bankrupt today!!!!

see these: video1, video2.

Celebrating Independence..........But How???

Post written by Anshul Gupta. Follow me on twitter.

Here comes another Independence day...

Read news papers ....see news channels ...you will find that today everybody is talking about do or die...but nobody is willing to do anything...they are just talking....

Ok...lets celebrate one more independence day any many more to come in future….but are we really serious about doing something…..or it’s a mere rhetoric….

Let me make it more clear….we talk of bravery…..but what about humanity….compassion…..feelings…..of those who are still living in hapless condition.

Bravery without though is good to make news…..to become so called media loved Hero…But, to help those living in meager circumstances….in silence, is the real heroism without any particle of doubt.

Why we are always supposed to become a martyr….why can’t we do something, which we are capable of doing in reality!!! India today need people who can help their neighbor...who can help those out of their friendship circle...those who need our help...

Are we trying to become politicians? Or we want to remain a citizen?? If our preffered choice is thye second one than,,,,plz start doing something...

Remember ….a small step taken in the earth is far more than million steps taken in a dream!!!

When we talk of doing Charity

Go to any of the sacred places around the country you will discover that people dole millions of rupees every day there, but in their own home turf what they really do? A beggar stands in front of their home for 15 minutes, but no one comes out to give 2-3 chapattis to him!!! This is the irony of doing charity. That is, we do charity when we want, where we want! Not when/where it is needed...

What charity really stands for?

Charity: a system of giving money, food or help free to those who are in need because they are ill, poor or homeless, or any organization which is established to provide money or help in this way. This is a complicated definition given by Cambridge Dictionary. But in a more ground to earth definition it simply means: Helping somebody who is in need of it. 

We are fooling ourselves if we think that our Gods are need of charity, or work of humanity can be done at these places only. Yes people say that it gives them a sense of calmness when they do that, but have they ever tried to give help to a hapless? Believe me this short act of wisdom will give you thousand times more pleasure than at those places at the lower cost.

When we dole out money in a grandiose occasion, what really happens is more than 40 percent of our money goes to state government’s deposit, which then gets lost on some unconstructive activities. 20-30 percent is wasted in maintenance. Rest of money is used inefficiently.

What better we can do?

I always believe a help, directly given, is hundred times better than dolled out in religious places. We can do it plethora of different activities, which will create a positive impact on at least few lives directly, in return will give you a sense of satisfaction, like: helping 2-5 children from poor families to get education up to 12th standard, giving bicycle to a physically challenged child, helping a girl from poor family in getting married, helping a cast discriminated person, helping a poor in getting rid of corrupt bureaucrats,and there are millions more ways.This is a more pragmatic way of doing charity. There are thousand of intermediaries available online which could help you do this.

Is Self Satisfaction a Must?

Getting a sense of satisfaction in any activity is good, but can’t we make it’s affect long lasting? It’s a very unhealthy trend nowadays that people are indulging more and more in self procurement. They are choosing a path, which goes away from doing well to others. They have become such a short sighted animal that they can’t look long lasting happiness they may get by supporting the needy.

Why should I do it?

Because, this is the best example you can set of your humanoid. Yes we are not humans; instead we are machines in the shape of humans-“Humanoids”. Because if we were humans; we should be doing things which would characterize it. Those characteristics include helping mankind.

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Proliferation of Engineers

Post written by Anshul Gupta. Follow me on twitter.

Engineering; ones upon a time considered to be a prestigious career option. But time made it, a by default choice for all. Today engineers are roaming around like mosquitoes. As a rule quantity always comes at the cost of quality, as a result most of engineers today are unemployable. I would like to comment in this situation by saying that when government allowed commercialization of colleges in India, they virtually allowed instruments of unemployment generation in the country. Making the situation so severe that every body no calls himself a deserving candidate for the job available any where in the industry.

Instruments of Unemployment generation

It is not true that the above title sounds cynical; in point of fact it is the truth that is sounding acidic. I am neither saying that government should abolish all these colleges from India nor that students shouldn’t get the opportunity to be engineers. What I am saying that unbridled burgeoning of these institutes, without any solid watch dog authority, actually making them instruments of profit, for whom the driving principle is greed, instead of a larger social cause of making a society a best place to live for better people.

These so called educational institutes fulfills millions of dreams (while working in faulty & archaic educational system) of becoming an engineer, but what if they are unemployable? What if they are monoliths who can’t do, without a job in their respective field? Does it matter any more? People send their offspring to different colleges across the country to make them engineer, to make them employable, to make them better, so what if they fail? Nothing, except their parents will lose their hard earned money, except that student will lose his some good productive years & an unspoken list of things, personal & social.

People will argue here that our industry whether it is IT, manufacturing or banking etc needs qualified engineers, so why not be an engineer when situation demands that? But at the same time they escaped the significance of the word ‘qualified’, pictured above. Take the case of Bhopal for conscience. In Bhopal until a few years ago there were around 4-5 engineering colleges but …Oh my GOD such a huge demand? That hugely magnified demand created a big opportunity for several people to convert their black money into green, by developing a state of art corridor of colleges in & around Bhopal. And that corridor now deploys more than 70 engineering colleges. Please mark, that these numbers are still in developmental state!!!

Today’s situation yells that, if you have faced a pre-engineering test, than you are an engineer by default & it doesn’t matter that your test score is zero or in the vicinity of that.

Are engineers alone?

No. Engineers are neither alone nor the foremost in achieving this feat. In fact this trend was stated in by Art & Commerce fields & gradually engineers conquered them all. Third eye saw that most of these colleges are in fact either owned or patronized by politicians. Don’t ask me what is this third eye!!!

Wake up Call

Remember behind all these instruments of unemployment generation are a gigantic chain of coaching institutes, room/flat/hostel owners making a kill. Wakeup call says don’t go follow the herd. Make your own choice using full conscience possible. These guys are here to fool you. Besides making choice of only good colleges we should not loose our sight on present opportunities before us.

Ragging in Educational Institutes

Post written by Anshul Gupta. Follow me on twitter.

Ragging: It is one of the issues which is paralyzing our society now a days austerely. And I think nothing can define it more precisely. Lots of lives have been lost to it but this menace is still continuing. And that’s in an educated environment like college & school. Why it is so? I consider it to be a major topic of debate but more importantly it is a major subject of introspection, if we proudly consider ourselves to be human while remaining voiceless.


History of Ragging

Let me start with the history of ragging, how it started in educational institutes? And how is still uncontrollable even after so much of awareness creation and law making done by the government?

There is no evidence when & where it started but when educational institutes were happening to burgeon around the world, more and more student were becoming educated. Parallel to that complexity & hard work needed in education grew. Students were required to be better equipped to beat the competition. Then gradually a trend started to subdue some of the burden of higher education by allocating a little work to the juniors. Lethargy had become one of the synonyms of those peoples. Soon those ways of allocation of ones own responsibility went physical from psychic methods. And then more innovative strategies were brought into picture like: ghajni hair cuts, slapping, forcing to do obscene acts and million more….In a euphemism people named ragging as a way of interaction between seniors & juniors. Here objective was clear but intentions were wrong. I myself have seen student being molested. Both girls and boys are equally prone to this malpractice enjoying complete impunity even under the law!!!


Psychic Reasons behind

Many psychologists around the world have observed several psychological facts behind the making of this phenomenon termed ragging. Some of them, from their studies & my own understanding are given here:

 People who face ragging tend to rag others when come on driver’s seat; this is the most prominent reason behind its permanence.

 Weak; either physically or mentally people tend to join this malarkey.

 Lean family background and improper caring during childhood of a person is sometimes greatly responsible for ragging others.

 People now these days consider it to be a fashion statement.

 One reason which makes controlling this menace largely impractical (that people don’t consider) is that in almost all colleges ragging is virtually supported by the faculty itself of the college. I tried to find out the reasons behind. And the answer is –To stop the possible arrogant behavior of juniors before faculty.
Ragging does the job of terrorizing students while they are in their launch so that future will see more responsible acts by them in front of their faculty. I call those faculties- “Respect Mongers”, who don’t care about doing their own job sincerely, rather more anxious about getting artificial respect!!! Believe me, if these people (faculties) have real worth in them to be respected, they will get it in abundance.


Some Myths about Ragging

Before I call it, let me Wright in for you some myths about ragging that people believe to be truths. These are:

 Ragging is the best & fastest way to build junior-senior relationship.
No. How you can think about an honest relationship, when the basic building block of the relationship is inhumanly treacherous? If somebody really wants to make a healthy senior-junior relationship, then please help them (juniors) rather then troubling them.

 Ragging makes a junior tough & smarter. So face it.
Complete rubbish. Do you think all the successful people who are tough or smart, because of ragging? Ragging is a tool in the hands of seniors for making fun of juniors & nothing else.

 Ragging increases the respect of seniors in the minds of juniors.
Believe me. Nothing can be more false than this. As I wrote earlier in case of faculties of colleges. They (juniors) are seeing the real you!!! Behind every, so called respect a seniors gets, there is long list of f**king things, that a senior would never love to hear.

One thing that is always true of ragging. It takes away the humanity of a human by an inhuman…

Education System in India

Post written by Anshul Gupta. Follow me on twitter.

Most of us have a proper educational background, even than there is something that most of us are still missing!!! Thinking…..what it is? It's education!

From a historical point of view, our education system was based on ethics, values, principals, free flowing of ideas, innovation, and mutual respect but now a day it is based on profit, jobs(placement), cramming, and mutual agony.

India was ruled by Britishers for almost 200 years and during those years every thing was modified the way, they wanted. So was our education system. Britishers started this systems of education in which students are molded to serve their owner, where employees are generated rather than owners. Because they wanted servants not scientists.

After understanding the depth of the issue: We need a completely revolutionized education system in India (& around the world). Several sanguine people suggested a new education system in India and few changes were made in CBSE & NCERT, but only in syllabus. After judging the needs of economy, government allowed private institution to operate in this space, but what happened? Today we have world’s largest army of young, educated but unemployable population in the world!!! They are designed to do a particular jab, so they can't do anything else!!! Absolute rubbish. In reality, they are the flawed product of the system which are designed to server their owner.

When we talk about changes in our education system what we actually need is:

 Better institutional infrastructure where lab instruments really work.

 Change teaching methodology: From memorizing to practicality (independent of memorizing).

 Focus of education should be broader.

 Board of governors should be intellectuals from the society rather than politicians!

Today, in many colleges most of experimental instrument are just for showing purposes. Because if you touch them, they will shatter into pieces .Computers in labs are sometimes good only for playing cards, old screw gauges, optical & electrical instruments are beyond allowable limit of error, mechanical motors are ideally idle most of the time. And what worst you want in getting educated?

The most important revolution needed in education system is the methodology adopted for teaching. God knows what we are going to learn by memorizing things which are seldom relevant in current context. Instead, the focus of teaching should be on showing practical process going behind that huge pile papers. It may be a complex demand to fulfill, because of lack talented people in this sector (Because, teaching a secondary choice for people...is you don't get a job, you can always become a teacher!).

The next important thing is to brainwash the earlier thinking. We need to look at the situation from the lenses of rationality; Creating innovative minds will help society achieve its real objective that is making life better.

Current capitalistic form of economy wants more servants than innovators, which is the biggest dilemma our society facing today.

Now let’s come to the last point i.e. Board of governors: These people are in the charge of making policy decision at the local level. Board of governors should consists of intelligentsia rather than politicians. Object here is very clear & well understood. In fact politicization of education is the worst thing that have ever happened to education system.

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